http://ir-library.mmust.ac.ke:8080/xmlui/handle/123456789/38 Fri, 13 Mar 2026 10:39:36 GMT 2026-03-13T10:39:36Z http://ir-library.mmust.ac.ke:8080/xmlui/handle/123456789/3296 TATHMINI YA UHUSIANO BAINA YA MITALAA YA KISWAHILI KATIKA VYUO VIKUU VYA UMMA NA MTALAA WA KISWAHILI KATIKA SHULE ZA UPILI NCHINI KENYA Mwanzi, Jackline Osag ABSTRACT Secondary school teachers are prepared in the universities. Its expected that the professional training they recieve equips them with the necessary knowledge and skills they require to teach in secondary schools which use one common curriculum upon graduation. However, these expectations are never met due to the fact that individual universities use different curricula while teachers are supposed to teach using one common curriculum designed for use in all secondary schools. It therefore follows that some teachers are faced with challenges while handling different aspects of the curriculum depending on how they were prepared by the universities where they were trained. The purpose of this study was to critically evaluate the relationship between Kiswahili curricula in public universities with the Kiswahili curriculum prepared by Kenya Institute of Curriculum Development (KICD) to be implemented in secondary schools in Kenya. The objectives of the study were to: investigate the relationship between curricula used in public universities and the KICD one used in secondary schools; identify aspects in curricula used to teach Kiswahili in public universities and those in the curriculum implemented in secondary schools in Kenya; to discuss the implementation of Kiswahili curricula in public universities and its influence on the performance of teachers in secondary schools. The study was anchored on Ralph Tyler’s (1949) Model of Curriculum Development which was later improved by Cruickshank (2018) following its criticism by Hiebovitch (1992), Kreitzberg (1993) and Kliebard (1995). The major tenets of this model are derived from four major questions based on the four aspects of curriculum namely; objectives, content, implementation and evaluation. The study was based on descriptive and survey design. The respondents were university lecturers and secondary school teachers of Kiswahili respectively. The area of study included public universities and secondary schools in Bungoma county. Purposive sampling was used to select five public universities and the 5 chairpersons of Kiswahili departments in universities. Simple random sampling was used to select 42 secondary school teachers and 17 lecturers from universities; stratified random sampling was used to select 42 secodary schools. Data was collected through questioning, interviews and document analysis by use of questionnaires, interview schedules and document analysis guides. Data was analysed qualitatively and quantitatively. Qualitative data was presented in form of verbatim excerpts while qualitative data was presented through tables, diagrams and percentages. Findings of this study revealed that aspects which comprised the curricula used in universities and the secondary school curriculum were the same, though they differed in some ways. The study concluded that there was no direct relationship between the curricula used in public universities with the Kiswahili curriculum used in the Kenyan secondary schools. Following the findings of this study, it is recommended that universities which prepare teachers cooperate with KICD in developing, reforming and reviewing the curriculum used in secondary schools, bearing in mind its aspects in relation to the universities’ curricula. Findings of this study may be useful to university lecturers, Ministry of Education, KICD, CUE together with Quality Assurance Standards body in universities in improving teaching of Kiswahili in secondary schools and universities. Doctor of philosophy in Kiswahili Mon, 01 Aug 2022 00:00:00 GMT http://ir-library.mmust.ac.ke:8080/xmlui/handle/123456789/3296 2022-08-01T00:00:00Z http://ir-library.mmust.ac.ke:8080/xmlui/handle/123456789/3295 GRAFOLOJIA NA UCHIMUZI WA MAUDHUI KATIKA FASIHI YA WATOTO YA KISWAHILI: UCHANGANUZI WA RIWAYA TEULE ZA WATOTO MUSOTSI, ELIUD TEYIE Graphology as a stylistic feature manifests itself in several literary texts including children‟s literature. Although most authors of children‟s literature use it in the construction of their works, the use of some of the graphological aspects creates ambiguity among young readers who may either fail to interpret or comprehend its use. The aim of this study was to investigate how graphology enhances thematic foregrounding in children‟s literature. The specific objectives were to elaborate graphological features used in children‟s literature, to analyse the role of graphological features in children‟s literature and evaluate their influence on thematic comprehension among learners. The research focused on specific Kiswahili prose texts read by young readers from grade one to four in public primary schools in Kenya. A multi model theoretical approach of Stylistics (Bally, 1909) and Readers response theory (Rosenblatt, 1939) was applied. The area of study was Mumias West Sub County of Kakamega County. This was a library based and field work research which targeted five children‟s novels in Kiswahili, learners and teachers selected purposively from public primary schools in Kenya. The selected Kiswahili novels were: Nyumba ya Sungura (Bracey & Lieta 2012), Hadithi za Mamba (Bracey & Lieta 2009), Harusi ya Mwanasungura (Waihiga, 2006), Usicheze na Moto (Ngugi, 2003) and Dani na Wezi wa Toyota (Ngugi, 2015). This was a qualitative research whose design was basically descriptive. Secondary data was collected through document review and content analysis of selected texts while field data was collected by participatory observation and informal interview of learners and teachers. Data collection tools included observation and interview schedules, previous notes, camera, diary, check lists, the researcher as well as a questionnaire. Data was qualitatively analysed and findings presented in descriptions and explanations. The research outcome indicated that several graphological features are used in the construction of children‟s literature in Kiswahili. Among the features are punctuations, capital letters, pictures and drawings, the use of different colours in the wording of a text, typography and several fonts, the use of bold letters, italicization, several features of paragraphs, the use of space and spacing between words, the size of a text and the general structure of a text. These features play a critical role in childrens‟ literature such as effecting communication, creating realism in a text, enhancing the aesthetic role, enhancing comprehension, re-awakening the reader, emphasis as well as the enhancement of interpretation of a text through simplification of vocabulary. The research outcome confirmed that graphological features are used to foreground themes in children‟s novel in Kiswahili by enhancing its comprehension. It is expected that the research will add to the already existing knowledge of writing, reading and analysis of children‟s literature in Kiswahili and benefit curriculum developers, curriculum implementers, policy formulators, teachers, authors of texts and future researchers. The research concludes by acknowledging that there are many graphological features used in writing including the use of glossary of words in context, revision questions and answers as well as tables and graphs which previous researchers did not mention. The research recommends further sensitization of teachers on a wide range of graphological features used in writing, their roles and effects in texts as well on young readers especially in Kiswahili literary texts. Doctor of Philosophy in Kiswahili Mon, 01 Aug 2022 00:00:00 GMT http://ir-library.mmust.ac.ke:8080/xmlui/handle/123456789/3295 2022-08-01T00:00:00Z http://ir-library.mmust.ac.ke:8080/xmlui/handle/123456789/3294 HISTORICAL TRAJECTORY OF INTRACTABLE PASTORALIST CONFLICT BETWEEN SAMBURU AND TURKANA OF BARAGOI IN NORTHERN KENYA, 1910-2017 Wapukha, Joan Precious Around the world, unchecked shepherding calls continue to threaten human safety. Since the end of the Cold War, conflicts have broken out in this arena. Researchers have debated the growing number of clerical conflicts. This is a result of the effects of climate change and rapid urbanization coupled with population growth. In this forum, Kenya did not survive the Northern Region of Kenya which is facing uncontrollable conflicts leading to massive loss of life and damage to personal and national property. In addition, recent events in Baragoi- "Death Valley" show that government-focused approaches have not been effective in controlling these conflicts. Without co-management strategies, these conflicts are designed to continue to deteriorate. In addition, uncontrolled disputes also mean that the region is lagging behind in terms of development and is therefore at risk of conflicts of any kind. Covered in a long history, the current study notes with concern that earlier literature was responsible for the causes of conflict by ignoring the historical context of pastoral disputes. The current study seeks to understand the unstoppable pastoral conflicts between Samburu and Turkana of Baragoi between 1910-2017. The specific objectives of this study were to examine the nature of the conflict between the Samburu and the Baragoi Turkana in Northern Kenya during pre-colonial times. -1945, Investigate the conflict between the Samburu and the Turkana of Baragoi in North Kenya during the post-colonial era, Examine the effects of the conflict between the Samburu and the Turkana of the Baragoi in Northern Kenya; The literature review focuses on the direct or indirect study of the variables being investigated as supported by a theoretical framework. The study was introduced to the long-term theory of Social Conflict, Primordialism theory of ethnicity and Social Conflict theory. The study used historical and descriptive research projects. The study included 150 respondents from homes, morans, council of elders, youth groups, women's groups, chiefs and their assistants, as well as regional commissioners and their assistants. This study used an unconventional sample method that included purpose, comfort, collection, and snowball. Important data was collected using questionnaires, discussion schedules, focus group discussions, the site was collected from Kenya National Historical Archives while secondary data was collected from official reports, thesis and published and unpublished publications. Quality data was analyzed based on themes and presented through interviews and voice quotes. The findings of the study revealed that Samburu and Turkana are groups of Pastors living in the suburbs of Baragoi. The social, economic, and political spheres of Samburu and Turkana influences clerical conflicts. Politically the Council of Elders played a role in blessing the Morans before the attack. Economically both of these communities rely solely on pastoralism which is why they end up competing for natural resources. Their political party is a successive, long-established program that builds the roles and roles of heroes. It was important in the provision of public safety. The informants pointed out that the various powers also played a key role in shaping the conflict from the pre-colonial era over trivial matters to the acquisition of new military equipment during the colonial period. Some of the perpetrators of the wars mentioned in the various empires included kings, businessmen, politicians, Ngoroko, Morans, and women. The effects of the conflict included; loss of life, migration, and destruction of property. Various stakeholders: The Kenya Red Cross Society, the Shalom Center for Conflict Resolution, and Security Reconciliation Security Officers such as the Kenya Police Reservist, the Regional Commissioner, and other politicians, have played a key role in resolving unresolved disputes. To compact intractable conflicts the study concludes that the government should distribute resources equitably among the 47 Counties and allocate them based on the environmental, climatic, and ecological needs of a county. The study recommends that, the government should establish better decentralised policies of sharing resources equitably in Baragoi.It should also strengthen the indigenous justice systems, especially the council of elders, who play negative and positive roles in the conflict between the Samburu and Turkana. Doctor of Philosophy in History Fri, 01 Apr 2022 00:00:00 GMT http://ir-library.mmust.ac.ke:8080/xmlui/handle/123456789/3294 2022-04-01T00:00:00Z http://ir-library.mmust.ac.ke:8080/xmlui/handle/123456789/3293 METAPHORIC CONCEPTUALISATION OF PAIN BY LUBUKUSU SPEAKERS IN DOCTOR-PATIENT CONSULTATION WANJALA, MAKARIOS WAKOKO This study undertook a cognitive approach to metaphtonomies of pain, with specific reference to native Lubukusu patients and non-native Lubukusu health practitioners in doctor-patient consultations. The assumption is that communication mismatches can occur when a non-native doctor and a Lubukusu-speaking patient use metaphors of pain in health discourse. The study was guided by the following objectives: to establish metaphtonomies of pain as conceptualized by Lubukusu speaking patients in the framework of doctor patient consultation in selected health facilities in Bungoma County, to analyze how image schemas account for metaphtonomies of pain among Lubukusu speaking patients, to categorize typologies of metaphtonomies of pain into conceptual domains as conceptualised by Lubukusu speaking patients in the framework of doctor patient consultation in Webuye County Referral Hospital, Bungoma County. The study was anchored in the Conceptual Metaphor Theory (CMT) and the Image Schemas Theory (IST). To achievement the objectives of the study, simulated patient approach was utilized to elicit the required data for analysis. The respondents participated in Focus Group Discussions. The study utilized the Metaphor Identification Procedure Vrije Universiteit (MIPVU) which is an improved version of Metaphor Identification Procedure (MIP), in order to establish the manifestation of metaphorical or metonymical lexical items.The qualitative data was analyzed thematically by coding categories which were then organized according to conceptual domain. The generic-level metaphors and metonymies were then mapped into different kinds of conceptual domains. Qualitative data was presented in themes. The study provided empirical evidence about the close interaction between Lubukusu language, body, mind and cultural aspects of the embodied mind. In addition, since emotions are a widely studied area of scientific research, doctors, biologists, psychologists, cognitive scientists and linguists, the findings of this study will be invaluable to them. The study established that Lubukusu has the following etaphtonomies of pain as conceptualized by Lubukusu speaking patients; direct metaphor related words with tangibility, direct metaphor related words with intangibility and metaphor related words. It was lalso revealed that there are various categories typologies of metaphtonomies of pain under conceptual domains. Image schemas also account for metaphtonomies of pain among Lubukusu speaking patients. It is hoped that the findings of this study will be significant in bridging the body of knowledge and enhancing theory development in cognitive linguistics Doctor of Philosophy in Linguistics Tue, 01 Mar 2022 00:00:00 GMT http://ir-library.mmust.ac.ke:8080/xmlui/handle/123456789/3293 2022-03-01T00:00:00Z