HISTORICAL TRAJECTORY OF INTRACTABLE PASTORALIST CONFLICT BETWEEN SAMBURU AND TURKANA OF BARAGOI IN NORTHERN KENYA, 1910-2017

Abstract

Around the world, unchecked shepherding calls continue to threaten human safety. Since the end of the Cold War, conflicts have broken out in this arena. Researchers have debated the growing number of clerical conflicts. This is a result of the effects of climate change and rapid urbanization coupled with population growth. In this forum, Kenya did not survive the Northern Region of Kenya which is facing uncontrollable conflicts leading to massive loss of life and damage to personal and national property. In addition, recent events in Baragoi- "Death Valley" show that government-focused approaches have not been effective in controlling these conflicts. Without co-management strategies, these conflicts are designed to continue to deteriorate. In addition, uncontrolled disputes also mean that the region is lagging behind in terms of development and is therefore at risk of conflicts of any kind. Covered in a long history, the current study notes with concern that earlier literature was responsible for the causes of conflict by ignoring the historical context of pastoral disputes. The current study seeks to understand the unstoppable pastoral conflicts between Samburu and Turkana of Baragoi between 1910-2017. The specific objectives of this study were to examine the nature of the conflict between the Samburu and the Baragoi Turkana in Northern Kenya during pre-colonial times. -1945, Investigate the conflict between the Samburu and the Turkana of Baragoi in North Kenya during the post-colonial era, Examine the effects of the conflict between the Samburu and the Turkana of the Baragoi in Northern Kenya; The literature review focuses on the direct or indirect study of the variables being investigated as supported by a theoretical framework. The study was introduced to the long-term theory of Social Conflict, Primordialism theory of ethnicity and Social Conflict theory. The study used historical and descriptive research projects. The study included 150 respondents from homes, morans, council of elders, youth groups, women's groups, chiefs and their assistants, as well as regional commissioners and their assistants. This study used an unconventional sample method that included purpose, comfort, collection, and snowball. Important data was collected using questionnaires, discussion schedules, focus group discussions, the site was collected from Kenya National Historical Archives while secondary data was collected from official reports, thesis and published and unpublished publications. Quality data was analyzed based on themes and presented through interviews and voice quotes. The findings of the study revealed that Samburu and Turkana are groups of Pastors living in the suburbs of Baragoi. The social, economic, and political spheres of Samburu and Turkana influences clerical conflicts. Politically the Council of Elders played a role in blessing the Morans before the attack. Economically both of these communities rely solely on pastoralism which is why they end up competing for natural resources. Their political party is a successive, long-established program that builds the roles and roles of heroes. It was important in the provision of public safety. The informants pointed out that the various powers also played a key role in shaping the conflict from the pre-colonial era over trivial matters to the acquisition of new military equipment during the colonial period. Some of the perpetrators of the wars mentioned in the various empires included kings, businessmen, politicians, Ngoroko, Morans, and women. The effects of the conflict included; loss of life, migration, and destruction of property. Various stakeholders: The Kenya Red Cross Society, the Shalom Center for Conflict Resolution, and Security Reconciliation Security Officers such as the Kenya Police Reservist, the Regional Commissioner, and other politicians, have played a key role in resolving unresolved disputes. To compact intractable conflicts the study concludes that the government should distribute resources equitably among the 47 Counties and allocate them based on the environmental, climatic, and ecological needs of a county. The study recommends that, the government should establish better decentralised policies of sharing resources equitably in Baragoi.It should also strengthen the indigenous justice systems, especially the council of elders, who play negative and positive roles in the conflict between the Samburu and Turkana.