https://ir-library.mmust.ac.ke/xmlui/handle/123456789/28 2026-04-21T07:55:20Z 2026-04-21T07:55:20Z OMUKOKO, DANIEL MUSIKO https://ir-library.mmust.ac.ke/xmlui/handle/123456789/3390 2026-04-15T10:25:54Z 2025-03-01T00:00:00Z

EFFECTS OF DRUG AND SUBSTANCE ABUSE MANAGEMENT PRACTICES ON ECONOMIC EMPOWERMENT IN KIAMBU: A CASE OF KIAMBAA SUB COUNTY OMUKOKO, DANIEL MUSIKO World over, where drugs and substances are known, patterns for their use and abstinence are proscribed. In Kiambu County, various nationally and internationally recognised drug and substance abuse management practices have been put in place. The study aimed to investigate the effects of drug and substance use management practices on economic empowerment in Kiambu County, a County that continues to experience diminishing economic empowerment, especially among the young male folk, mainly due to increased drug and substance abuse. The following objectives were used as a guideline for the study: to assess the effect of drug and substance abuse prevention practices, to find out the impact of drug and substance abuse and law enforcement practices, and to assess the effect of drug and substance abuse Therapeutic management practices on the economic empowerment of Kiambu. The study was anchored on self-efficacy Theory, Cohen Status Frustration Theory and Rational Emotive Behavior Therapy. A descriptive research design was adopted, and the composition of the target population was ward administrators, MAT caregivers, police officers, OC Crime, Deputy County Commissioner and National government administrative officers (NGAO) were sampled using stratified simple random sampling. Key informants were purposively selected. A total of 200 respondents were targeted, and a sample size of 67 was used to collect data using a structured questionnaire; for data analysis, inferential and descriptive methods were used for quantitative data; for the presentation of data, figures and tables were used by harnessing the statistical package for social sciences (SPSS). The study adopted a multivariate regression analysis. The study outcome indicated, and it shows, that drug and substance abuse management practices influence 30 per cent of economic empowerment in Kiambu County through the implementation of various mitigation practices by ward administrators, MAT caregivers, hospital administrators, National government administrative officers (NGAOs) and Police officers. Variables outside this model contribute the remaining 70 per cent. The model was, therefore, appropriate for inferential statistics. Economic empowerment increased when a single unit increased prevention program strategies, law enforcement practices, and therapeutic interventions. In conclusion, the joint effect of prevention program strategies, law enforcement practices, and therapeutic interventions is crucial for the economic empowerment of drug abuse victims. Recommendations included enhancing stakeholder collaboration and communication, including prevention program providers, law enforcement agencies, healthcare professionals, and economic empowerment organisations.

2025-03-01T00:00:00Z Ngaira, Kevin Omwayi https://ir-library.mmust.ac.ke/xmlui/handle/123456789/3374 2026-04-15T08:38:07Z 2025-11-01T00:00:00Z

THE PINK OCTOBER CAMPAIGN AS A TOOL FOR BREAST CANCER AWARENESS: A STUDY OF STUDENTS AT MASINDE MULIRO UNIVERSITY OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY Ngaira, Kevin Omwayi The Pink October Campaign is a global month-long event that is held annually to create awareness about Breast Cancer (B.C) signs and symptoms, treatability and preventive measures.B.C is the leading and most common type of Cancer affecting people of all ages and is most prevalent among women while affecting 1% of men globally.In addition, western countries such as the United States of America have a survival rate of 86% within the first 5 years due to early diagnosis stemming from awareness creation efforts while Sub-Saharan Africa has a survival rate of 40% due to late diagnosis. In Kenya, B.C is the most prevalent type of cancer accounting for 23% of all new cancer cases with 70% of these cases diagnosed in the later stages 3 and 4 when it is most difficult to treat leading to a high mortality rate of 45%.The World Health Organisation (WHO) recommends awareness creation through campaigns such as the Pink October and regular B.C screening as the primary preventive measures. This study investigated the extent to which the Pink October campaign influences breast health seeking behaviour among students of Masinde Muliro University of Science and Technology (MMUST) in Kakamega County, Kenya. This study sought to examine the knowledge levels among MMUST students regarding B.C symptoms, treatability and prevention, establish the communication channels used during the Pink October campaign that were encountered by MMUST Students and to determine the effectiveness of the Pink October campaign in influencing MMUST students to undergo voluntary screening for B.C. The study was underpinned by the Elaboration Likelihood Model theory (ELM) and the Health Belief Model (HBM). It employed the explanatory sequential research design that is both quantitative and qualitative. Data collection tools included Questionnaires that were administered to a representative sample of 400 students selected through Multi-stage cluster sampling and Proportionate stratified sampling from the target population of university students from Masinde Muliro University of Science and Technology (MMUST). Two Focus Group Discussions (FGDs) of 8 students per group selected through purposive sampling were also conducted. Secondary data was collected from relevant literature in journal publications, Pamphlets, Textbooks and the Internet. Quantitative data was analysed using descriptive statistics and was presented as frequencies, percentages and discussions while qualitative data was analysed through transcribing the responses from the FGDs, grouping them into themes and presenting them based on patterns and contrasts that emerged. Findings were presented in form of tables, charts and discussions.The study established that 89.5% of the 400 respondents and all sixteen FGD participants had heard about B.C while 3.5% had not been exposed to any B.C awareness messages. At least 7 % of the 400 respondents were convinced to undergo voluntary screening for B.C by the Pink October Campaign. These findings will be utilized by the Ministry of Health to improve the outcomes of the awareness strategies in use by focusing on the significance of B.C screening as a primary preventive measure.

2025-11-01T00:00:00Z Okoba, Pascalia https://ir-library.mmust.ac.ke/xmlui/handle/123456789/3367 2026-04-15T08:17:35Z 2025-08-01T00:00:00Z

JOSEPH MARTIN SHIKUKU OYONDI AND POLITICAL PLURALISM IN KENYA, 1932-2012 Okoba, Pascalia The plural society has both a lot that the citizens have to expect out of the government and vice versa. This study questioned the article by Joseph Martin Shikuku Oyondi and Political Pluralism in Kenya, 1932-2012 due to the participation of the politicians. The research objectives used in the study were as follows i.e. to: examine the early life of Joseph Martin Shikuku Oyondi 1932-1960; trace the history of political pluralism in Kenya concerning Joseph Martin Shikuku Oyondi since 1960; assess the contributions of Joseph Martin Shikuku Oyondi to political pluralism in Kenya since 1960 and finally, evaluate the impacts of Joseph Martin Shikuku Oyondi to political pluralism in Kenya since 1960. Notably, the study will help achieve the understanding that, democracy is healthy in political governance everywhere across the globe. The justification of the study is based on two justifications which include the academic and policy justification. It embraced a pluralist theory of government as one of its theories. Along with theoretical framework, a literature review was conducted under the target objectives. The methodology of the research involved a qualitative research methodology which embraced historical research design. The target group was the veteran politicians, immediate family members and the veteran journalists. Primary and secondary sources were used to collect data in the study. Content analysis and presentation in the form of themes have been used to carry out the analysis. The results according to the particular objectives are as follows; firstly, young Shikuku was frequently caught listening to those who talked about the Kenya African Union and the Mau Mau revolts. Also, the promulgation of the 2010 Constitution was a turning point in Kenya politics, which involved the introduction of new legal frameworks, which increased political pluralism. Also, Shikuku was not afraid to oppose oppression. He was among the handful of voice of the voiceless that could voice his opposition to the government and remind it that Kenya was not a one party state but a one party State by force and finally, the battle against political repression by Shikuku began in the early sixties as the country was going through the transition phase to independence. The findings in accordance with the outlined research objectives are: The first, the early upbringing of Shikuku was heavily conditioned by the strong synthesis of the religious discipline, the traditional African culture and the awareness of anti-colonialism. According to the second objective, cross-cultural operating capacity provided Shikuku with the means through which he could voice African issues to the colonialists and subsequently to the Kenyan government. According to the third specific objective, Shikuku was one of the first leaders to caution about the risks of the power being concentrated in one party. According to the third definite aim, during the initial years, it was still possible to oppose it, however, after 1964, the disobedient people were considered as traitors. In the recommendations following each particular research objective; first the Ministry of Education in collaboration with the Ministry of Youth Affairs and Arts could use the integrated mentorship and civic education program implemented in the primary and secondary schools in Kenya. Second: to safeguard the political history of Kenya, a national archival and digital centre on political pluralism ought to be implemented as well as thirdly, the history of Joseph Martin Shikuku Oyondi about political pluralism should be incorporated in the Kenya history education. Finally, there is the need to consolidate civic education programs in order to raise awareness of the citizens on the role and implications of political pluralism in Kenya.

2025-08-01T00:00:00Z Khisa, Brian Juma https://ir-library.mmust.ac.ke/xmlui/handle/123456789/3363 2026-04-15T07:36:37Z 2025-11-01T00:00:00Z

EVALUATION OF INTERPERSONAL COMMUNICATION STRATEGIES USED TO SHAPE VOTING BEHAVIOR IN RURAL SETTINGS: A CASE OF SHINYALU CONSTITUENCY DURING THE 2022 GENERAL ELECTIONS. Khisa, Brian Juma Many studies have been undertaken on the role of interpersonal communication in elections in different countries. However, the role and efficacy of this mode of communication in politics has not been fully interrogated. This ignorance may lead to undesirable or negative outcomes contrary to expectation of the contestants, making it difficult to tap into the gains that could be availed through this means of communication. The study evaluated the use of Interpersonal Communication Strategies in shaping voting behavior among the residents of Shinyalu Constituency during the 2022 general elections. Specifically, it sought to examine the communication strategies used during the 2022 general elections in Shinyalu Constituency; to establish factors that influenced the voting behavior in Shinyalu constituency during the 2022 general elections and to determine the perceptions of voters regarding the use of interpersonal communication as a strategy in shaping voter behavior in Shinyalu constituency during the 2022 general elections. The study adopted the Ellaboration Likehood Theory which explains how persuasive messages can lead to attitude change. The study adopted a mixed method approach and utilized both qualitative and qualitative methods of data collection and analysis. The population of the study was 76,978. A sample population of 398 respondents was arrived at by use of the Slovin’s formula. Questionnaires and interview schedules were used to collect data. The quantitative data from questionnaires was analyzed using descriptive statistics and presented by way of frequency tables, charts and graphs, means, modes, and percentages. Qualitative data from interviews was analyzed thematically. The findings established that political candidates in Shinyalu Constituency utilized a variety of communication strategies to engage with the electorate. In addition, the findings revealed that a range of socio-economic and political factors influenced how voters made decisions during the 2022 elections. The study further found that various forms of interpersonal communication significantly shaped voter perceptions and electoral decisions. The study can aid policymakers and electoral bodies such as the Independent Electoral and Boundaries Commission (IEBC) to formulate policies that encourage transparent and effective communication. Political candidates and campaign managers could adopt direct, personal communication strategies such as house-to-house visits and participation in community events.

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