Microbiology of Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus
Abstract
Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) is a gram positive organism that serves as an
opportunistic pathogen and frequent colonizer of the epithelium causing severe diseases in
human and animals. The widespread use of antibiotics both in human and Veterinary
medicine resulted in the emergence of resistant strains of S. aureus. Methicillin-resistant
Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) is a common bacterial pathogen responsible for a variety of
infections. Resistance to methicillin is determined by the mecA gene, which encodes the
low-affinity penicillin-binding protein PBP 2. Lately, new methicillin resistance gene, mecC
has been discovered from humans, animals and food products. MRSA infection was first
considered hospital-associated (HA-MRSA) and community-associated MRSA (CAMRSA) infections. However, another group emerged known as livestock-associated MRSA
(LA-MRSA). The isolation of MRSA from different species, food products and the
environment raised concern on the role of animals particularly livestock and wildlife in the
epidemiology of MRSA. The spatial distribution of MRSA indicates interspecies
transmission and colonization of different populations. This review summarizes the
epidemiology, current knowledge, genetic mechanisms, and transmission pattern of MRSA,
and colonization.
URI
https://doi.org/10.36349/easjpid.2021.v03i02.001https://www.easpublisher.com/media/features_articles/EASJPID_32_23-30c.pdf
http://ir-library.mmust.ac.ke:8080/xmlui/handle/123456789/2030
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