| dc.description.abstract | The plural society has both a lot that the citizens have to expect out of the government and vice versa.
This study questioned the article by Joseph Martin Shikuku Oyondi and Political Pluralism in Kenya,
1932-2012 due to the participation of the politicians. The research objectives used in the study were
as follows i.e. to: examine the early life of Joseph Martin Shikuku Oyondi 1932-1960; trace the
history of political pluralism in Kenya concerning Joseph Martin Shikuku Oyondi since 1960; assess
the contributions of Joseph Martin Shikuku Oyondi to political pluralism in Kenya since 1960 and
finally, evaluate the impacts of Joseph Martin Shikuku Oyondi to political pluralism in Kenya since
1960. Notably, the study will help achieve the understanding that, democracy is healthy in political
governance everywhere across the globe. The justification of the study is based on two justifications
which include the academic and policy justification. It embraced a pluralist theory of government as
one of its theories. Along with theoretical framework, a literature review was conducted under the
target objectives. The methodology of the research involved a qualitative research methodology
which embraced historical research design. The target group was the veteran politicians, immediate
family members and the veteran journalists. Primary and secondary sources were used to collect data
in the study. Content analysis and presentation in the form of themes have been used to carry out the
analysis. The results according to the particular objectives are as follows; firstly, young Shikuku was
frequently caught listening to those who talked about the Kenya African Union and the Mau Mau
revolts. Also, the promulgation of the 2010 Constitution was a turning point in Kenya politics, which
involved the introduction of new legal frameworks, which increased political pluralism. Also,
Shikuku was not afraid to oppose oppression. He was among the handful of voice of the voiceless
that could voice his opposition to the government and remind it that Kenya was not a one party state
but a one party State by force and finally, the battle against political repression by Shikuku began in
the early sixties as the country was going through the transition phase to independence. The findings
in accordance with the outlined research objectives are: The first, the early upbringing of Shikuku
was heavily conditioned by the strong synthesis of the religious discipline, the traditional African
culture and the awareness of anti-colonialism. According to the second objective, cross-cultural
operating capacity provided Shikuku with the means through which he could voice African issues to
the colonialists and subsequently to the Kenyan government. According to the third specific objective,
Shikuku was one of the first leaders to caution about the risks of the power being concentrated in one
party. According to the third definite aim, during the initial years, it was still possible to oppose it,
however, after 1964, the disobedient people were considered as traitors. In the recommendations
following each particular research objective; first the Ministry of Education in collaboration with the
Ministry of Youth Affairs and Arts could use the integrated mentorship and civic education program
implemented in the primary and secondary schools in Kenya. Second: to safeguard the political
history of Kenya, a national archival and digital centre on political pluralism ought to be implemented
as well as thirdly, the history of Joseph Martin Shikuku Oyondi about political pluralism should be
incorporated in the Kenya history education. Finally, there is the need to consolidate civic education
programs in order to raise awareness of the citizens on the role and implications of political pluralism
in Kenya. | en_US |
